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Aug; 28; 1923. 1,466,652

F; BATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM Filed May 21, 1920 v 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 v 3 Q Q g Q Q I E Q N o 9 E K? v F N a u- & I N a Q a g I M g \Q N I i Q m b a w 3 w ii &

Aug. 28, 1923.

I F. BATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM Filed May 21 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Magi Fran/I Baii'er'.

F. BATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM 1920 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 21 Ml H 0 0 Aug. 28', 1923.

FQBATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM' Filed May 21 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug. 28, 1923. 1,466,652

F. BATTIER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM Filed May 21 1920' 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 VI; 2 K9 a Au T g gn Yamwng Aug. 28, 1923.

F. BATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM Filed May 21 1920 9 Sheets-Sheet e loo 105 l 'x x ii i Aug. 28, 1923.

F. BATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM Filed May 21 1920 9 Sheets-Shet a I awe/Mow Fran Bqaiier'.

Mme/1 b Aug. 28, l9 23. F. BATTER PORTABLE MOUNTAIN AIR SANITARIUM Filed-May 21 1920 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 I I'l 'll III PM VYE MW ism IIIII/IIIIIIIAIIA Patented 7 Aug. 25, 1923.

FRANK Barriers, or JLINNTON, OREGON.

PORTABLE iaoUurAIN-Ain SALNITABIUM.

Application fil ed May 21,

which thefollowingis a specification.

Generally the object of my invention is to provide a structure, preferably but not necessarily portable, in. which-can be artificially maintained such atmospheric conditions as to temperature, pressure (sub-atmospheric or atmospheric), humidity, etc, as may be dictated by the state of the pa tient, in which the duration of any given atmospheric condition, the time required to reachit and the time required to pass from one such condition to another may be controlled with nicety and, if desired, predetermined and in which thepatient may live normally without interfering with such prescribed regimen. The importance of this control is apparent since it is essentialthat the change from a low to a high altitude or the reverse should not be too rapid for the person undergoing the change, the ill effects of too great speed. being well known. Previous patents of mine, Nos. 904,172, 1,107,7 l4. and 1,107,74l5 have dealt with the production of sub-atmospheric pressureor rz'ireiied air conditions :lor simulation or. high altitude. Mypresent invention'however diilers in the control f'eaturcs'above referred to and in many other ways from my inventions already patented: ,1 now have in mind particularly the stimulation of transpiration of watery vapors and eliete matter from the lungs and the control thei of including the prevention of excess trans pira'tion which would subject. the patient to too great strain, my present apparatus. while not limited to patients so aifectedbeing designed especially for. the treatment oi those who are tuberculous. (For authority on excess transpiration see lVOOds Library of Standard Medical Authorities, boolc'i'or October 1885 on Climatology and Mineral Waters of the United States, page Z 9.)

The invention relatesv to (1)- structure, toilet room arrangements, etc. means for treating the air; (3) means for deliverin distributing and removing the air; (a). means for simulating a trip to, a stay at,

' and adjacent parts of the sanitarium. 1 1g. 4 1s a detail in horizontal section of 1920. Serial No. 383,180.

- and a return from a given higher altitude,

i. e., means for controlling and when desired predetermining the duration'of any selected atmospheric condition, the time required to reach it, and the time required to pass from it to'some other selected {atmospheric condition. 1

The general description of the sanitarium and the various parts composing it will be deferred until after the brief description of the figures, when it will be more readily un derstood.

Referring to the drawings: F 1g. 1 1s a general view, mainly W D uits PATENT, OFFI E-0* in perspective, and to some extent diagrammatic of the entire apparatus. I Fig. 2 is a horizontal section, and Fig. 3 IS a vertical section through the vestibule parts shown in Fig. 2. v

B 1g. 5 1s a central vertical section through the part of the apparatus admitting air to the living room.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line 66, Fig. 5. l. V

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a detail of the structure shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

r Fig. 8 is a vertical section through part of the living quarters, the window being shown also on the said view in interior eleand. longitudinal vertical sectionsfot the main or raretaction valve.

Fig. 14: is a detail view in section of a part of the said valve.

Fig.15 ]S a top plan view of one of the governors having &(].]L1St&bl6 vanes.

Fig. 16 is a central horizontal section, and- .Fig. 17 acentral'vertmal section of sald gov- Fig. 18 is a top plan, and Fig. 19 a vertical longitudinal section on the line 19-19, FigrlS, of the air treatment house.

vation as Well as in section in the place 9, looking in the direction of Figs. and 21 are respectively transverse vertical sections on the lines 20-20 and 21-21 of Fig. 19.

Figs. 22, 23 and 2a illustrate details of construction of parts in Fig. 19.

Fig. 25 is a perspective on a larger of curtains shown in Fig. 19.

Figs. 26 and 27 are incomplete vertical sections of details of the humidifier illustrated in Fig. 19.

Fig. 28 is a section showing the construction of air valves in delivery side or the air line.

Fig. 29 is an end elevation, partly in tion, of the toilet room and related apparatus, and Fig. 30 is an elevation at right anscale gles theretoshowing valve operating mecha- 'nism.

Fig. 31 is an enlarged sectional detail showing the window construction.

Figs. 32 and 38 are vertical sections illustrating details of construction.

Fig. 34; is a perspective view of the pr ferred form of valve for use in the discharge connections from the toilet room.

Fig. is a detail elevation, partly in section, of the safety valve.

General description.

Referring to Fig. 1, A is the main living room of the sanitarium; B the vestibule; C the toilet room; D the air treating house in which is located also the suction pump; it the main air control; F connections between L and D; G connections between D and A; 11 connections between A and D. It being understood that the sanitarium structure is air tight and sutliciently strong to enable sub-atmospheric pressure to be maintained therein, the general operation of the apparatus may now be explained as follows: EX- ternal air is drawn in througl'i the main or rai action, air valve and control section B rrom which it passes in rarefied condition through the connections F to the air treating house D wher it is subjected to the desired treatment and passes through the connections G to the living room A, in so doing beingspread out and delivered in a gentle continuous current of -substantially the cross section of the living room A across which it passes continuously with avoidance of eddies or back drafts to the opposite side ofthe living room where it is collected and from which by the connections H it passes to the pump in the air treatment house and so to the atmosphere. The vestibule B for entrance and exit and the toilet rooml) are shown as separate wings which is a convenient but not essential arrangement. The vestibule is an air lock, and the pressure conditions in the toilet room and tie sewer connections are so controlled as to permit normal use of thetoilet fixtures without interference with the artificial atmospheric conditions in the toilet room. While the structural details are some oi them novel, tneessential point in this connection s the provision of an air tight and suliiciently pressure resistant structure and the de- .being provided for insuring the air tight connection of the separate sections and for making separa le or knock-down parts of 'the roof, walls and floor which would otherwise give the trucks too great width.

in the detailed descri )tion I willbe 'in with the main valve and control and follow the course of the air through the apparatus and then describe the vestibule, toilet apparatus and structural features.

Main naive and control.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 9 to 17 Air enters the screened pipe 1 preferably above the rooi and is drawn past the main valve 2, the position of which is determined by the control apparatus about to be described. This valve is closed and opened and the duration of its location in any given position determined by the said control apparatus, which may be set to operate in a predetermined manner without precluding manual control of the operation to vary that originallyv prescribed. Three timers X, Y d Z provided. acti' close the valve at a rate which may be vaned, 5 acting to open the valve at a rate which maybe varied and Y acting to determine the l h oi' time uuring which the valve shall occupy a position to which it has been moved by timer Each position of the valve 2, due regard being had to the capacity and uniform movement of the suction pump, .epresents a particular altitude (i. e; the average barometric pressure at that altitude) and roperly calibrated altitude scales form part the control apparatus as will shortly appear.

In the embodiment illustrated each of these timers is a clock movement provided respectively with ordinary clock trains a, Z), c, of which 7) is eight day train, with governors e, 7, (Z and 7" having the same '.,-onstruction and with various scales, stops, etc. The timers are interrelated, X as it stops starting Y, and Y as it stops starting Z.

F the main valve 2 I prefer a gate valve having a gate shown with opposite wedge shaped which 'co-act with the seat The opening controlled by the gate 3 will be seen from Fig. 12 to have an enlarged part 5, the sides of which converge toward a narrower and uniform part6, the. result being that as the valve begins toclose the volume of air passing through the valve decreases rather rapidly for a given movement of the gate until the uniform part of the opening isreached and that we reverse ofthis operation occurs'in the opening of the valve. As the full volume of air passing.

through the completely open valve in given tune is greater than the HGCGSSEtIiiy' limited capacity of the drying material in the, air

treatment house D,- it retains a gooddeal of moisture. The rather'rapid decrease in volume referred to insures a rather rapid but not immediate reduction in humidity" as the'valvebegins to close, and the rather rapid increase in volume as the valve finishes opening insures a rather rapid but not-immediate increase :in humidity. tects the patient from too, rapid a change in humidity while furnishing him air of the desired humidity Forthe sake of safety the complete shutting offof ventilation by closure of the valve is prevented'by providing a bypass 7 necessarily openat all times and which is rendered adjustable by a screw-- plug 8 having a pointed end 9 and co-opcrating with a scale 10 as indicated in Figs. 12 and 13.

The gatefi is raised and lowered by a screw threaded rotary stem 11 passingup through the chamber 12 and stuilingfbox 13, the said stem being provided with a bevel gear 14 in mesh with a bevel gear 15 loose on the shaft 16 mounted in stationary brackets 17. The bevel gear 15 carries a differential gear box 18 provided with bevels 19 and 20' rotatably carried by studs 21 and in mesh with bevels'23 and 22, fast respectively to shaft 16 and to shaft 24, rotatably mounted in brackets 25. Shaft l6carries a ratchet wheel 26 co operating with a holding pawl 27gand shaft 24 is provided with a corresponding ratchet 28 and oppositely facing pawl 29. This construction permits th valve to be closed by rotatlon of shaft 16 in the direction of thearrow in Fig. 9 and to be opened by the rotation of the shaft 24 in tlie'direction of the arrow in Fig. 9 without in either case any interference witht e othershaft. "Theshafts 16 and 24 are driven in opposite. directions respectively by upright shafts 30-and 31 This. pro

corresponding governor as will shortly appear. These gears 47 carry pawls 48 coacting with the driving toothed heads 49 on the drums 42, 43, being spring pressed away from said heads by the springs 47'. Each of said shafts 40, 41 carries a crank 50 which may be used in rewinding. The final shaft 51 of the clock trains a a'ndc carries bevel 52 in mesh with bevel 53'splined on the rotatable shaft 54 of the corresponding governor (Z or f. I

The iniddleof timer Y is provided with a clock motor shaft 55 carrying a drum 56 over which passes a cable 46 to which is secured weight 57. 0n the shaft, 55, as on the shafts 40- and 41, is a loose gear 47.

carrying the pawl 48 and spring pressed by the spring 47 away from the toothed driving head 49.

The shaft 55 is provided with a crank 50. Gear 47 drives the eight day train 5 terminating in the shaft 51 having bevel 52 in mesh with bevel 53 on shaft. 54 of governor 6. Each of the rotatable vertically slidable governor shafts 54 is connected by a knuckle joint 58 carried by the releasably locked screw threaded rod 59 which maybe ad.- justed vertically by turning the corresponding wing nut 60. Pivoted needles 61, 61, 61 are operatively connected 'as shown to their respective rods 59 and co-operate with corresponding scales 62, 62, 62 of which scales 62 and 62 are speed scales being marked to indicate in feet the change in altitude accomplished in an hour for any given position of the needle. Nith the movable vanes of the governors at right angles to their direction of movement, the speed range chosen is from 100 feet per. hour,

which of course is; very slow, to 1000 feet per hour which alsois not rapid. As will hereinafter appear thedifference in speed is due to the change in the extent of immersion of the vanes in the heavy liquid oil or cury through which they move. The in' die scale 62 indicates the length of time, eight days, required for the weight 57 to drop through its entire range of movement. Various stops for the weights are provided and in the illustrated mechanism take the form of adjustablymounted' grids (Figs. 10 and ii). such grids, 63 and 64 which are adjustably mounted by set screws 65, the first on stationary rod 66 and the second on rod 67 and are suitably guided in the frame and sup ported by counterweighted lever 68 to which its lower end is pivotally connected. One set screw 65 has a pointer 69, and the other a pointer 70 co-operating respectively .with the altitude scales 71, 72, these scales being marked in feet to indicate altitudes which will be simulated when the pointers register with the corresponding indication, the grid in use'actlng'tostop the timer and The timer X is provided with two' 1+ L1 fax-ta 1 determine we on ens LO v area will close th grid. on the nov Only one grid i3 is needed for the timer Z, said grid being ad ustable on t. ed rod 74 with the aid o? set s (35 and having; pointer 75 co-actin with altitude scale T0. The middle t he; Y has a grid 7? adjustable on fixed rod 78 by Set scre 05 ha *ing pointer T9 which cooperates time scale 80. it is also provided th an ad ustable grid 81 with set screw 05 pointer 82 co-operating with the ti ie s 11c 82' and adjustable on the upright rod. 03 guided the heme as indicated and couiiter-balanced by weighted lever 84; pivoted on the frame. The timers are intercouuccted so that they operate in sequence, the counterbalanced rod 07 lasing connected with the long end ever 85 p *oted on the line. the short end oi? the said lever heconnected bv a link So with one arm ot S? nitptally mountiaving its other arm an .ce 88 for coaction with the periphery of the toothed head (it the drum 50. Timer Y has its counterbalanced rod 83 connecti g with the long end of S9 pivoted to the frame a counterwei liter ed on the frame am and having its short end connected by linlc 00 u ltll counterweighted lever 91 pivoted to the frame and having its short arm provided at its end with a braking surface 92 for co operating with the periphery of the toothed head ot the drum The connections bet-ween the mov: ble rods and the counterv-ieighted and other levers are such as to at- Zerd a little lost motion, the pin and s ot connections illustrated being' suitable. no vnward movement of the grids on too movab e rods is slight and makes no material difference in the accuracy of the altitude scales even when no account is taken of incalibratinrt them.

The operation of this part of the ijus will now be described: in t 1e 'i tive position of the control the respective weights are supported in their highestposition by the grids on the stationary rods adjusted to their highest position. The valve 2 is then open. It be desiredv to simulate trip to an .iltitude of say 5.000 feet the grid 0 is adjusted on the counterweighted rod 67 till its pointer 70 is opposite 5.000 or the scale 72. The grid (33 is moved down out 01" the way and timer X starts to close the valve. The grid 81 is adjusted on the counterbalanced rod 83 to-the 3c.- red pointon-the time scale 82. This scale and scale 80' are calibrated for a particular position oi the needle 61* and when the needle is in that position will indicate directly the simulated would be possible to provide a series 01: such length of time during which the desired altitude is to be maintained. It

scaies corresponding to ditlerent adjust- The grid is adjusted to the point 5.000 or other desired point on altitude scale 1'0. it is appa ent that the timer X having started will c ntinue until the weight 44: reaches the grid 0 1- during which time the valve is moved toward closed position by the gearing c iineetions already described and thit the rod 07 is then moved down slightly by the weight and through the lever connections described the brake 88 is released and the weight 57 of the timer Y then in turn released. The position of valve therefore remains unchanged until weight 57 isintercepted by the grid 81 valve is moved toward the open position until weight 15 is intercepted by grid 73. this way a trip at a predetermined speed to a pr .letermined altitude, a stay at that altitude tor a predetermined time and a return therefrom at a predetermined speed may be simulated. If however it should prove desirable as for instance, because of a change in the condition of the patient, to alter the original plan the various grids adjustable on the fixed rods, or any of them, may be brought into play to supersede the automatic control so that a given condition may be maintained for as long or short a time as desired and the change to a higher or return to a lower altitude may be manually as well as automatically controlled.

This discussion of the control apparatus has assumed that the range of speed of the governors of the timers X and Y was limited to from 100 to 1000 feet per hour but a much more rapid rate may be attained should this be desirable by adjusting the governors (Z a d f. The governor c has its vanes in invariable angular relation with reference to their path of rotation.

Referring more particularly to Figs 15, 16 and 17, all three of the governors have cylindrical casings 100 each provided with a central post 101 and with a circular row or rows of sationary vanes or abutinents 102 and preferably with stationary radial ribs 10-3. The shaft above referred to is co-axial with-the easingand carries a head 10-l from which depend series of vanes 105 occupyin the spaces between the post; abutr'ients and ribs and rotatable in the annular paths thus formed. It will be understood that the number of the rows of abutments and 01 vanes may be varied as well as the number of abutments and vanes in the needle 01 though but one is for adjusting the angl ing the speed as will be obvious. In the governors (l and f provision is also made of the movable vanes. This is accomplished by'pivoting each vane in the head 10 i and providing it with a crank 105 connected to the head by a suitable shank 106. Both series of vanes are so constructed, the cranks of the two rows extending oppositely and having offset portions 107 cooperating with a ring .108 provided with slots 109 in each edge for that purpose and mounted on stationary pins 1 10 fixed to the head 104; and having sup porting collars 111, the rings 1.08 having arc-shaped slots 112' receiving theends of said pins which are provided with wing nuts 113 whereby the ring 108 may be clamped in any position of adjustment. To indicate the angle oithe vanes, scales 11 1 are provided for co-action with pivoted pointers 115 pivoted on the upper ends of opposite pins 110 and having their other ends secured to the ring 108 by set screws 16. Hand holes 117 are provided in the otherwise closed casings, covers 118 being provided for the hand. holes the casing being air tight to avoid. evaporation and consequent chan e in quantity or density of the liquid and the openings beings necessary for purposes of adjustment of the vanes.

It will be noted that when the vanes have been set to some other angle than the right angle to their path the speed scales of the timers X and Y no longer indicate the true speed, and it would be possible it this were thought preterable to provide a series of speedscales each calibrated for a given vane angle. provide two adjustments rather than to give the governors normally an excessive speed range.

1 1717- zreat'ment house and connections.

Referring more particularlytoFigs. 1, 19v to 28:111 the various pipes constituting the connections F, G and H flexible sections 120 are provided thus making the parts 01 the higher level.

It has been thought best to.

on restoration of proper conditions. The air wn through valve 2 expands and thus becomes cooler and there is a consequent tendency to condensationon the part of the. nolsture 1n the air, the connections'bemg (inlet) 126 (blow-off) and 127 (vent) 'ing associated therewith Air from the connection F enters an enlarged thimble 128 in the upright cylinder 129 which provides at'its bottom below said thimble a dead air space into which anydust, pollen,.etc., settles, the speed of the expanding air being lessened. From the cylinder 129 the air passes through another thimble 130 at a the main portion of the air treatment house D 18 divided by a central partition 131 into two parts designed for alternate use. The

' air from the thimble 130 may pass byeither branch 132', each governed by a valve 133,

to one or the other of these partsof the air] If it follows ei her of thesecourses it passes through a plurality of channels formed by'diverging plates 134i treatment house.

which break up the air and deliver it to the At this point it is noted that,

pipes 135 in the retrigerator13 which may contain'ice, freezing mixture or the like, covers 137 being provided for supplylng it.

The air may thus be refrigerated as well :as cooled by expansion before passing to the drier, but whether the air is cooled 1n to-pass by the pipe 138, the valve 139 therein being open, the appropriate one of the valves 1 10 in the cross pipes 1-1-1 being.

opened and the other closed. The air is dellvered at the top of the air treatment house between curtains raised when the refrigerator is in use but let down at other times.

gears 1 4, 145 in mesh and rotatable to raise or lower the curtains by crank. 146. The air thus passes to the air drying chamber in which are located racks having horizontal shelves 148, vertical rods 149 with spacing sleeves 150 therein, the said rods passing through the root of the air treatment house and through stufling boxes 151, which are protected by caps 157 over sleeves 5158 (see Fig. 2 1). The raoksare suspended from stecl-yards 152 to'which the rodsfl149 are filed by links 153, the steel-yards Mm ing weights 15% and pointers 155 co-operat ing with scales 156. These racks carry blocks 160 of hygroscopic material for the purpose of taking up moisture from the air. it will be obvious that the blocks absorb moisture they become heavier and that this is indicated on the outside of the air treatment house by the movement of the pointers oi" the steel-yards over their scales, so that when the drying material in one-half of the air treatment house is no longer capable of 'eliicient service, that half may be shut off by proper manipulation of the valves and the air led through the other half. In order to dry out the material I provide at the far end 1 the air treatment house at each half thereof an electric heater 161 connected by pipe 162 controlled by a-valve 163 with one of the halves of the air treatment house and at the other end an electric fan 16% connected by a pipe 165 having valve 166 with the other end of each half 01" the air treatment house. After shutting off the air from one half the material therein may be dried out by turning on the corresponding heater 161, turning on the corresponding fan 161 and properly manipulating the valve so that the air is heated and drawn through by the tan. After being dried the air is collected by converging battles 167, the construction being substantially the same as that at the entrance end of the air treatment house. It then passes through the pipe 170 containing an electric heater 171 whereby its temperature may be raised before it passes by valved cross pipe 172 and pipe 178 to the humidifier 174. There is great advantage in drying the air first before humidifying it since in this way a definite degree of humidity can be insured, and it is also important to provide heating means since the amount of moisture which the air can take up depends at a given pressure on its temperature, and the amount of transpiration that can be effected in the lungs of the patient is determined by the temperature to which his lungs raise the air and the margin or capacity for increase of humidity remaining to it. By first drying the air and. then heating it to the desired degree, and afterwards humidifying it to aturation, this margin may be controlled. Tables giving moisture content per cubic foot of air heated to various temperatures and humidified to saturation are accessible in scientific works. It is also desirable to heat the water used in the humidifier and accordingly I provide an electric heater 175 at the bottom or well 176 of the humidifier. In orderthat the same water may be circulated again and again through the humiditier I provide a pipe 180 connecting the well 176 with the pump 181 driven by the motor 182 and the pipe 188 connecting the pump with the spray nozzle 18%, valves 185 and 186 being located in said latter pipe. Just below the nozzle another pipe 187 which branches from the pipe 183 passes through th humidifier casing. The portion 188 of said pipe within the humidifier is provided with holes 189 and within the pipe is ro tatably mounted a hollow cylinder 190 having holes 191 which may be brought into registration with the holes 189, a valve thus being constituted, and means for operating it being provided in the shape of a crank 192 with which a stop 193 co-operates. Just below and adjacent the said valved pipe 188' is rotatably mounted a roller 194 which is provided with a curtain of absorptive material. as cotton or wool blanket, the curtain being so located that water from the holes in the pipe 188 strikes the upper part 01 it at an angle. It is possible to shut off the spray and use only so much of the curtain as may be desirable, spraying the same by means of the valve controlled pipe 188. it is also sometimes desirable to avoid use of the circulating system, in which case it is shut off by means of the appropriate valves. and water is admitted at the top through the valved pipe 196 and permitted to pass out at the bottom through the valved pipe 197. A tunnel and filling pipe are also provided as indicated at 198. The air entering the humidifier by the pipe 173 and passing down around the curtain leaves the casino through the pipe 200 near the upper part of the humidifier.

OOHILGCZIiOflS t0 and from living room.

From the humidifier the air passes through the connections G to the living room A being delivered thereto by means shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 which is similar to the arrangement of battle plates described in connection with the air treatment house. Before reaching these devices however the air passes an electric heater 205 by which. the temperature may, when desirable, be raised. Beyond the heater the air passes through enlargingchannels formed by di verging plates which are illustrated as forming truncated pyramids 206 supported and spaced apart by bolts 207 having sleeves 208 thereon. This construction breaks up the air and delivers it uniformly over the entire sidewall of the living room, the base of the outer pyramid having the same inside dimensions as said wall and the air thus delivered occupying the entire cross section of the living room and passing gently through the same continuously in the same direction and without back currents or eddies, any danger of the patient breathing the same air over again or reinfecting himself being obviated. In front of this air delivery device as shown particularly in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. is arranged a screen partition 210 pro- Y vided with a door 211. A like partition is located at the other side oi? the-room and cated pyramid arrangement described is provided receiving; the air and conducting it to the connections ll which lead to the suction pump 121 driven by an'electric motor 121 and so the stack 213 to the outer air. A muffler 212 to prevent the noise of the pump reaching the living quartcrs is provided in the connections lil.

Should it happen outside atmosphere is just whatthe patient needs the usual control and air treatment may be discontinued, the valve 21 in the connections G and the valve 215 in the connections H being closed and the inlet valve 216 and, the outlet valve 217 being opened and a draft being created by. turning on the electric fan 218 which draws airthrough the inlet valve 216. the rest of the connections G to the living room A and thence'by part of the connections H through'the outlet valve 217 and fan to the atmosphere.

Air oestzmlc. In order to permit entrance to and egress f om the sanitariuin without interference .h the artificial. pressure conditions therein, I provide an airlock vestibule of: simple Toilet room.

Referring toFig s. 1 29 and 80: The living quarters of the sanitariun'i include the toilet room in which the same atmospheric conditions maintained as in the inain living room A. In order that this may be done without interfering with the-normal use of the various toilet fixtures l, have invented apparatus which will now be described. V with a nyvusual fixtures as the tub 230, the lavatory 231 and closet 232. A drainage tank 233 is p1;'ovided,'the various toilet room fixturesbeing; connected thereto by pipes 234' and 235. it discharge pipe 237 from the drainage'tank 23 3 to the sewer 23'? or cess-' pool is provided. ln the connections between the toilet fixtures and the tank is a valve 236 and in the aforesaid discharge connectionsltroin the tank a-valve 239furnishes avent for the tank controlled by a "alve 2410 and pipe 2.41 controlled. by the valve 242 and-having a i i interior ot'the I lipe2 l" controlled by valve 2&6 isarthat the condition of the i may be equalized withthat.

is moving. V

238, pipe disinfectant recepis connected he pe 214 which leads from the toi et room to the connections 1 tinged todeli er flushing water from main the tank both near the bottom by the portion 24! and the vertical portion 248 and by the vertical portion 249 to the interior of the vertical cylinder 25,0 sup ported by braces 251 coaxially with the tank. The valves 236 and 242 are normally open and the remaining valves closed the atmospheric conditions in the drainage ank being thus the same as in the toil room whichpermits the" normal use of.

the toilet fixtures. Vfhen however it becomes necessary to empty the drainage tank the g iosition of the valves is changed so that the valves 240. 288 and 246 are open and the remaining valvesclosed. T 1is shuts off the toilet room from the tank and'trom the air exhaust system and throws it into communication with the atmosphere and sewer connections and admits flushing. water.

The variousvalve stems p, Q, 1*, 8 25 are parallel and may have their far ends supported in bearings 79, g, 1", etc. (omitted for clearness from They have adjacent th irfar ends operating quadrants or sectors which 'may be located in the'same plane for co-action each with one of a series of suitably located racks carried by an upright reciprocable frame 260 slidable up and down in brackets 261, extending through the floor of the toilet room into the same and having on its upper end a rack 262 with which meshes the last of a train of gears 263 26 i and 265 manually niovable by the crank 266. The stem of valve 236 is provided with atoothed quadrant. 236 with which co-acts rack 236 The stem of valve 238 is provided with a quadrant 23S operated by a rack 238 "Valve 2&0 has on its valve stem toothed quadrant 240 actuated by rack 2 :0 7 Similarly valve 2&2 carries to the air exhaust sys-' on the end of its valve stem :1 toothed'o uad- -rant'2-l2 actuated by a rack 24:2 so also valve 246 has a quadrant 246i operated by rack 246 i To avoid interference the quadrants are alternately oppositely faced and some off the valves are carried on one side The toilet rooinmav be provided of thereciprocating .trameand some on the other facing the quadrants which they are each end with a long tooth 252 which onables the rack to 1 ick up the corresponding quadrant and move it into mesh with the rack teeth in whichever direction the frame The operation of the valves, assuming them to be in normal condition that is, with the valves 236and 242 open, is as follows: 'lhe reciprocating frame or cross bead 260 carrying theva ious racks moves down, the rack. 236 coacting with quadrant 236 starting to close valve 236. Shortly thereafter rack 21-2 begins to actuate valve 2&2 through its quadrant 24-2. "his closes the connect-ion between the tank and the exhaust. The further movement of the cross head after th closing of these valves brings the rack 2 10 into mesh with the quadrant- 2-i0 to open the vent valve 210. When this valveis open the rack 23S actuating the quadrant 238 opens the valve 238 in the (:lischarge pipe. Shortly after this valve starts to open the rack 2% actuating the quadrant 2L6 opens the alve 2&6 in the water pipe admitting water for flushing the tank. It will be obvious that when the cross head is moved in th opposite direc tion the reverse movement will take place and the valves be restored to their normal position. The racks may conveniently be made adjustable by providing them ith bolts 267 passing tl'irough slots 268 and having nuts 269 countersunk so as to be below the face of the frame.

The valves 236 and 238' are preferably constructed as shown in 3 1, the valve 253 having a stub 25ftsecured in a sleeve by a pin 256, the said sleeve being cured by a similar pin to the valve stem 257 and the plug carrying a knife 258 disposed in a plane other than radial and projecting slightly beyond the surface of the plug so as to cut or scrape any solid mat ter from the valve seat.

The toilet room is provided with an emergency door 259 and a valved pipe 259 leading to the outside. l ressures within and without the toilet room may be equalized by opening the valve in the pipe, and then door 259 may be opened.

Upon the roof of the toilet room I arrange a closed tank 270 fed by a force pump 271 with accumulator 271', said pump being served by pipe 272 drawing water from a well or like source. The pipe 273 connects with flushing water pipe 215. this pipe having a valve 246 by which it may be shut off from the service pipe to permit the tank 270 to be used, in which case valves 27% and 275 located respectively in pipes 272 and 273 are open. Pipes 272 and 273 are provided with valved connections 276. 277 for attachment of othei service pipes if found desirable. Tank 270 through pipe 278 serves the fixtures in the toilet room.

Buildingconstruction.

The buildings are constructed with I beam studdings and stringers 285 upon which are secured the interior paneling 286 and the flooring 287 and also the exterior steel plating 288, the living quarters and the air treatment house thus constituting steel chambers. Secured to said steel plating 288 at suitable intervals are furring strips (Figs 3233) upon which are secured tl 3 outside panels 290 between which a said plating 288 is located heat insulating material 291, preferably asbestos or the like.

As already stated the sanitarium formed by connecting together a. number of separable sections of suitable length, these sections being connected separably by air tight joints formed by flanges 292 on the steel plating 288 or where, as in the case of the air treatment house the interior walls 293 are of metal on the said walls a compressible gasket, 29%, which may be of rubber, being provided between the abut ting flanges, the joints being secured together air tight by bolts 295, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19. The various sections are provided with wheels 296 and tongues 29? whereby the sections may be linked together for transportation. As shown in Figs. 32 and various panels or plates 286, 288 and 290 are joined at the I beam studdings 285, gaskets 28st, suitably of rubher, being provided between the beams and panels and the joints being covered by edge thereof so that while by virtue of the flanges and gaskets designated as above indicated the structure remains air tight. parts of it are separable or knockdown so that th width of the enclosed sections or trucks may be. suitably reduced for transportation. It will be noted that plates 301 and bolts 302 are provided for securing the knock-down parts to the main parts of the section and roof respectively.

Pressure resistant windows for lighting the living quarters areprovided (Figs. 8 and 31). In the framework of the building is a window casing 308 constructed of steel channels. ing cross bars 310 and inner and outer series of smaller wooden frames 311, rubber gaskets 312 and glass panes 313 in the openings formed by the cross bars and clamped together by fastening strips 314 makes up a compact structure. This window structure is located in said window casing 308 and secured to a steel frame 315 on the outside of the building extending beyond the opening of the casing 308 and designed to co-operate with a gasket 316 located adjacent said cas- A steel window frame 309 having on the outside of the structure. The

frame 315 in order'to protect the glass panes carries steel framing 317- 'for thick glass bulls eyes 318, the entire structure thus formed being hung "from a pair of brackets 320 ,one at each side of the w'indow on the exterior of the structureby links 321 pivoted to'said brackets and toears on the frame 315. the window to swing in and out, and counterbalances in the shape'of'levers 322 having .weights 323 pivoted on brackets 32% and connected by-links 325 with ears 326 at each side of the window at the bottom of the frame, overbalance the window and tend to 0 en it .and will do so exce at when the i pressure in the Sanitarium is less; than the pressure outside. Thereis thus no difficulty in handlmg this heavy structure. The arrangement insures air. tlght constructlon when higher altitudes are being simulated.

living room (Figs. 57) is strengthened by angle irons 330 located between the outer pyramid 206 and the pyramidal casing331.

Air tight joints having gaskets 332 are located at each end of the electric heater section of the connections to the air delivery structure. The living quarters of the sanitarium may be provided "with gymnastic apparatus 333, curative electric lights 334, fan 335, instruments to determine atmospheric condition 336, etc., etc.

The doors 220 and 221 leading respectively to and from the vestibule are provided with inner casings 337 having gaskets 338 insuring an air tight closure (see Figs. 1 and 4:).

arious devices for insuring the safety of the patient have already'been described, one

' of them the employment of a by-pass forthe rarefaction valve. This of course would be in itself ineffective to secure the desired result unless the other valves in the line were provided with some means for permitting a certain amount of leakage. Accordingly, as illustrated in Fig. 28, the various line valves have bodies 339 grooved as indicated'at 340 so that the line can never be completely closed. I

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an air line between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room andsaid suction pump, a valve interposed in said line 'betweenits inlet and the air tight living. room, means for automatically moving said valve toward closed posi tion, means for automatically moving said valve toward open position, differential gearing interposed between said opening and closing means and said valve, and devices Suilicient play is provided to enable for controlling, said closing and opening means and for rendering the latter dependent on the former. v o 2. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an air line between the outer atmosphere, said air tightliving room and said suction pump, a valve interposedinjsaid line between its inlet and the air tight living room, means for automati- I cally moving said valve toward closed position, means for automatically moving said valve toward open position, adJuStable speed governors for said means, dlfferential gearing interposed between said opening and closing means andsaid valve, and devices for controlling said closing and opening means and for rendering the latter dependent on the former.

'3. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an air line between the outer atmosphere, said air ti ht living room and said suction pump, a valve interposed in said line between its inlet and the air tight living room, means for automati cally moving said valve'toward closed position, means for automatically moving said valve toward open position, adjustable speed governors for said means, differential gear- -mg lnterposed between said opening and closing means and said valve, and dev1ces 7 for controlling said closing and opening means and for rendering the latter dependent on the former, said devices including a timer, its governor and means for adjusting the governor.

1. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an air line between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said suction pump, a valve interposed in said line between its inlet and the air tight living room, said suction pump being adapted for drawing air through said valve, a series of timers each provided with a motor and a.

stop for C'O-OPQIZLtlOD with a movable element thereof, operative connections between said first motor and valve for moving the same toward closed position, operative connections between the third of said motors and said valve for moving it toward open position, the stops of the first and second motors having a limited movement, brakes for the second and third motors, and operative connections between said movable stops and the brake of theadjacent motor to release the same on operation of the stop.

- 5. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an air line between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said suction pump, a valve interposed in said line between its inlet and the air,

and valveto move the the same asthe second timer sto just-able connections between the first timer and the second timer or releasing the sar c as the first timer stops, a third timer, operative connections between'said' third timer lve toward open position, and operative coanections between the second' tinierand thelthird for releasing 6. In. a sanitarinnnan:air ti 'ht li a suctionpump, an air line be atmosphere, said air ti; t room and said suction pump, a valve interpo l said; line between its inlet and the living room, said suction. pump ed for drawing air tniou timers, each provided with: a motor and with a stop for said motor, 01 native connections between the first tii ier and the tor movi'ng'thc same toward closed position, operative connections between the third timer and valve for moving the valvetoward openposr tion, thesecond and this timers being pro-- vided with brakes and the-stops of the first and second timers having a limited movement, operative connections between the movable stop of the first timer and the brake or the second timer, operative connections be tween the movable stop of the second timer and thebrake of the third timer, and a stop for the third timer.

' T. In a sanitariuiman air tight living room, a suction pump, an airlinebetween the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said; suction: pump, a valve interposed in said line between its inlet and the airtight living room, said suction pumpbeing adapted for drawing airthrough said valve, three.

timers, each provided with a motor and with a stop for sald motor, operative connections between the first tnner and the valve for 8. In a sanitariinman air tight living room,

a suction pump, an air line between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said suction pump, a valve interposed in said line between its inlet and the air tight living room, said suction pump being adapted for drawing air through said valve, a series of timers, each provided with a drum and weight motor and a grid below theweight for intercepting the same said grid being adjustable but otherwise immovable,

ing displaced with reference to each other so that the )airs 0t 'rids'mav )ass vithont;

interference, and operative connections between each of said last named grids and the timer next succeeding 1t.

9; In a sanit-arium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an air line between the iv wo Y Min 100 te poseds1n outer atmosphere,'said tig it i l and said suction pump, a valve n said line between its inlet and the airti ht I V a 6 living room,.said suction pump being ed for drawing, air through said v timer, operative connections between said timer andv valve to move the valve toward closed posit-ion, asecond-timer, third timer,

and operative connect-ions between said third timer and valve to move the valve toward open position, said first and third timers being provided with adjustable, stops having pointers, altitude scales with which said pointers co-operate, saidi scales beii calibrated to indicate altitudes which will be simulated in the Sanitarium, when the pointers are in different positions.

10. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an airline between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said suction pump, a valve interposed in said linebetween its inlet. and the air tight living'room, said suction pump beingjadapted for drawing air through said valve, three'timers, a stop. for the first timer, a stop for the second timer, operative connections-between the stop of the first timer and the second timer for starting it when the, first stops, operative connections be-' tween the stop ofthesecond timer and the third timer. for starting; it when the. second timer stops, independentmanually adjustable stops for each timer, and altitude scales for the stops of said. first and third timers.

11. In a sanitarinm, an air tight living room, a suction pump, an airline between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said suction pump, avalve interposed in said line between its inlet and the air tight living: room, said suction pump being adapted for drawing air through: said valve, three timers, astop for the first timer, a stop for the second. timer, operative connections between the stop of tliefirst timer and the second timer for starting it when the first' stops, operative connections between the stopof the; second timer and the third: timer for: starting; it when the second timer stops, independent manually adjust able stops foreach timer and altitudescales tor'th'e stops of said first and third timers, the stops of the second timer being, provided with pointers playing over time stalcs.

ltlt) 12. In a sanitarium, an air tight living room, a suction pump, anair line between the outer atmosphere, said air tight living room and said suction pump, a valve inter? posed in said linebetween its inlet and the air tight living room, said suction pump being adapted for drawing through said valve, a series of timers each provided with a drum and weight motor, and an adjust able shelf below the weight for intercepting the same, operative connections between said first motor and valve for moving the same toward clos p nections between the third of said motors and said valve for moving it toward open position, the shelves of the first and second motors having a limited movement,brakes for said second and third motors, and operative connections between said shelves and the brake or" the adjacent motor to release the same when the corresponding weight is intercepted by and depresses its'shelf.

13. in a sanitarium, a substantially air tight living room, a pipe for delivering air to said living room, means for passing air through said pipe, a rarelaction valve in said pipe comprisin a valve blade, avalve seat having an orifice the part of which first closed by the valve blade of greater area than that subsequently closed thereby.

In a Sanitarium, a substantially air tight living room, a pipe for delivering air to said living room, means for passing air through said pipe, a rarefaction valve in said pipe comprising a valve blade, a valve seat having an orifice having a part of uniform width and a part of greater width gradually narrowing to said uniform width, a valve blade, and means for moving said blade successively over the wider part of said orifice and then over the narrower part of said orifice.

15. In a sanitarium, a substantially air tight living room, a pipe delivering air to said living room, means for passing air l position, operative conthrough said pipe, a valve in said pipe havsing means provided for varying the rate of delivery of air for a given amount or movement, and means for predetermining the rate ormovement of the valve.

16. A sanitarium comprising an air tight chamber, means for delivering air thereto and for removing it therefrom, the inner surface of opposite walls of said chamber being substantially and respectively composed of the mouths of air delivering channels and the mouths of air removing channels, said channels consisting of substanially co-axial sleeves or shells of frusto pyramidal shape with their bases facing the chamber, s

17. A sanitarium comprisin an air tight chamber, a suction pump and connections for drawing air therethrough, air delivering and air collecting devices respectively at opposite sides of said chamber each having a plurality of spaced nested truncated pyramids presenting their bases toward the chamber, the outer having its base of the same dimensions as the crOss section of the room.

18. The combination in a sanitarium of an air tight living room, an air line in com munication with the atmosphere and with said living roora suction pump in said line beyond the living room for drawing air through said line and living room, and an air valve interposed in the line before the living room is reached and having a greater rate of change incapacity toward the beginning of its closing and end of its opening movement than at other times, and a cham ber containing absorbent material in the line between the valve and the living room,

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANK BATTER. Witnesses:

'M. JAoKsoN,

H. STOOKDALE.

pyramid of each device 

